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Substance Use & Mental Health

Since John was appointed Senate Chair of the Joint Committee on Substance Use, Mental Health and Recovery in his first term in 2011, he has been working to combat the opioid epidemic and tobacco addiction. Proud that the Commonwealth has led this fight by passing many first-in-the-nation laws that are now showing results, he knows that despite the progress we have made, much work remains. 

Prevention & Education

Any effective plan to combat the opioid epidemic requires education and prevention programming. By authoring, co-authoring, and advocating for passage, John was instrumental in the following becoming law: 

 

  • Automatic enrollment in the Prescription Monitoring Program (now MassPAT) and use requirements for prescribers 

  • A requirement that the Department of Public Health to create and distribute educational materials on addiction risks 

  • Required notification and educational materials to parents whenever a minor receives emergency treatment for a drug or alcohol overdose 

  • Establishment of the Prescribing Best Practices Working Group (later renamed the Joint Policy Working Group) to review and make recommendations on prescription drug use  

  • Requiring for insurers to cover non-opioid alternatives 

  • Patient use of non-opiate directives (first-in-nation) 

  • Partial fill of prescriptions (first-in-nation, and later incorporated into federal law) 

  • Prescriber trend notifications program (first-in-nation) 

  • Statewide Drug Stewardship Program (first-in-nation) 

 

Understanding the importance of data to the formulation of policy, John filed legislation that commissioned a detailed study, a first of its kind in the nation, requiring the collection of multi-source data to establish the prescribing, treatment, incarceration, and other relevant history of each person suffering a fatal overdose and to identify risk indicators to inform future approaches to addiction. Initially known as Chapter 55, the collection of data has expanded and is regularly reported by the Department of Health, informing policies and other legislation that require the provision of medication-assisted treatment in the Commonwealth’s correctional facilities and jails.

Access to Treatment & Recovery 

Ensuring real access to treatment requires insurance coverage for that treatment and multiple treatment and recovery options for those with behavioral health issues.  

 

John authored, co-authored, and successfully advocated for: 

  • Ensuring that the definition of “emergency medical condition” includes behavioral health and substance abuse emergencies for purposes of parity 

  • Licensure of Recovery Coaches and insurance coverage for their work. 
     

Harm Reduction:

  • It is important that treatment is available when needed; in the meantime, it is important to have a full range of harm reduction tools in place. To this end, John successfully: 

    • Fought for insurance coverage for naloxone.

    • Worked with students from Harvard and legislated a program to have it available at MBTA stations 

    • Pushed for the induction of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in emergency departments.

    • Advocated for the use of MOUD in state and county correctional facilities.

Overdose Prevention Centers

Overdose Prevention Centers (OPCs), also known as Safe Injection Sites or Supervised Consumption Sites, are facilities where individuals living with substance use disorder and who are injecting or inhaling drugs are able to use them in a location where they have access to sterile materials and health care professionals. By legalizing these facilities in Massachusetts, advocates predict we will see a dramatic decrease in overdose deaths and bloodborne illnesses such as Hepatitis and HIV/AIDS, and an increase in individuals seeking recovery resources. 

While OPCs are controversial, research has shown them to be highly effective. Facilities are already in operation across Canada, New York City, and in Providence, Rhode Island. The State of Minnesota has passed legislation to authorize sites as well.

John has spent significant time on his own visiting these facilities. His observations, “I visited supervised consumption sites in six cities. Here’s what I found,” were printed in the Boston Globe.

Extensive information is available about the effectiveness of the sites and issues related to locating a site. This study is particularly informative and has many quality references at the end of the study.​​

Senator Keenan's Thoughts:
Headlines:

As Massachusetts moves towards permitting overdose prevention centers or supervised consumption sites, based on John’s observations, he offers the following recommendations for communities considering a facility: - Facilities should establish close working relationships with local law enforcement, government officials, business owners, educators, neighborhood groups, health care providers, and community service providers, and facilities should have advisory committees that include all the above, as well as people who use drugs and use the facilities. - There must be a robust public engagement process that includes, at a minimum, comprehensive education about the public health benefits of such sites, showing their effectiveness in preventing overdose deaths and the spread of diseases such as HIV and Hepatitis C. - The public should also be educated about the role such facilities play in reducing the strain on first responders and hospitals and in reducing health insurance costs by avoiding costly responses to emergency calls. - The latest data on community impacts available from other places where sites are located should be shared openly and completely. - Law enforcement and other first responder leaders should be informed and educated about the sites, with the education to include visits to nearby sites in New York and Montreal and meetings with law enforcement, medical responders, and members of those communities. - Communities considering sites should be aware that initially the sites will draw new people to the communities and that the use of the facilities will then become regular and predictable. - Facility exterior design should fit with the look and character of the communities where they will be located. - Facility operators should have regular community litter pick-up and needle retrieval programs. - Facility operators, local business owners, municipal officials, and law enforcement should have plans to discourage loitering in the areas of the facilities. - Communities and local law enforcement should have zero tolerance for open and obvious drug sales and purchases in the areas of the facilities. - Facilities should be staffed with appropriate medical personnel as well as trained peer-to-peer counselors and licensed recovery coaches. - Facilities should have separate spaces for women or LGBTQ community members who do not feel safe in a communal use setting. - Facilities should provide testing of drugs. - Facilities should have formalized relationships with treatment providers, including those providing medication for opioid use disorders and all other treatments for opioids and other drugs used in the facilities. - Facilities should work with local public health departments and the Massachusetts Department of Public Health to establish robust data collection while respecting the privacy of individuals who use the facilities.

Overdose Prevention Centers:

Tobacco

In 2019, Holbrook Middle-High School students approached John, concerned about the problem of vaping in their school, and asked him to file legislation to ban flavored tobacco products. He filed the bill, and over the next several months, they worked together to #FightTheFlavor. 

Throughout this process, the students became unstoppable advocates, visiting the State House to meet with legislators, to testify at the hearing on the bill, and to attend a press conference. They used what they saw among their friends who vaped and drew on the horrible past impacts of tobacco products to persuade legislators to support the bill.  

 

The bill became law, with Massachusetts becoming the first state to ban flavored tobacco and nicotine products.  

 

The students, including graduate Sarah Ryan, who became a national force on fighting vaping and tobacco, were recognized for the years of effort put in by their civics club and the school’s chapter of the 84 Movement. Read more about the passage of this bill here.

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Endorsed by the Boston Globe: Time to get serious about teen vaping epidemic

“For many youth, it’s proximity and access that is going to determine their risk behavior. The unchecked growth of e-cigarettes could undo progress the Commonwealth has made in curbing nicotine addiction. The state has a chance now to take a strong stance by taxing e-cigarettes and banning flavored tobacco products.“

​The Fight Continues:

Since Governor Baker signed An Act Modernizing Tobacco Control into law in November 2019, Massachusetts youth, through the 84 Movement, have been educating their communities, especially other youth, black, and LGBTQ+ communities, on the harmful effects of mentholated tobacco products.

“I don’t do it often, but my brain is just addicted, I guess. Almost all of my friends are addicted to it. There’s nothing really to like about it, just that feeling. Everyone always has one, that’s basically it.”

Sophomore outside Quincy High School (Patriot Ledger)

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